Rectal cancer is a type of malignant tumor that develops in the last few centimeters of the large intestine, just before the anus. Although it shares characteristics with colon cancer, rectal cancer presents particularities in its diagnosis and treatment due to its anatomical location.

Symptoms

In the early stages, rectal cancer may not show clear symptoms, highlighting the importance of early detection. As it progresses, the following signs may appear:

• Rectal bleeding or presence of blood in the stool.
• Persistent changes in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhea, or feeling of incomplete evacuation).
• Abdominal or rectal pain.
• Unintentional weight loss and fatigue.
• Palpable mass in the rectal area, in some cases.

Risk Factors

Like colon cancer, risk factors include a family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, a diet low in fiber and high in fat, a sedentary lifestyle, and smoking.

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of rectal cancer requires a precise approach that includes:

• Colonoscopy: To observe the rectum and take biopsies of suspicious lesions.
• Imaging tests: Such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or tomography to assess the local extent of the tumor and possible metastases.
• Laboratory tests: To detect tumor markers.

Treatment varies according to the stage of the disease and may include:

• Surgery: Tumor resection is the main treatment and can be combined with sphincter-preserving techniques to maintain functionality.
• Radiation and chemotherapy: Used in some cases before surgery to reduce tumor size or after to prevent relapses.
• Follow-up: Essential to detect possible recurrences.

My goal as a specialist is to offer a comprehensive and personalized approach, combining advanced techniques with a humane and close treatment. If you experience symptoms or have risk factors for rectal cancer, I encourage you to consult with me. Early detection and appropriate treatment are essential to improve prognosis and quality of life.